Oliver! based on Charles Dickens's novel Oliver Twist opened in London in 1960 and became the longest running production ever with 2619 performances until it was beaten by Jesus Christ Superstar twelve years later. The music and the lyrics are written by Lionel Bart who at the time was 30 years young.

Young Oliver is first seen working at an orphanage. The boys are waiting for supper, singing "Food, Glorious Food". They are all still very hungry after their one cup of gruel and Oliver asks for more. This untactical error leads to Mr. and Mrs. Bumble singing "Oliver!", and Oliver is a "Boy For Sale". Mr. Sowerberry, the undertaker, finally buys him.

Saved from Mr. Bumble, Oliver finds a new enemy in Noah Claypole, and a fight between them leads to Oliver being locked up singing the heartrending "Where Is Love". Oliver takes off to London where he soon meets the Artful Dodger who tells him: "Consider Yourself " at home. He is introduced to Fagin and his boys and is taught that "You've Got To Pick a Pocket or Two". Fagin sneaks out late in the evening to meet Bill Sikes at The Three Cripples. Despite the obvious drawbacks of living in the slum, Nancy assures us that "It's a Fine Life". The following morning Nancy and Bet arrives and Oliver gets to know them during the song "I'd Do Anything", after which Fagin sends the boys out on the streets hoping that they'll "Be Back Soon". Well, they aren't, at least not Oliver. He's been arrested for looking guilty when Dodger stole a wallet.

But Oliver is a lucky kid; he's proved innocent and the old man who got robbed, Mr. Brownlow, takes him home with him. In the morning the whole street joins Oliver in the question of "Who Will Buy". But plans are being made for Oliver's reunion with his old friends. Sikes efficiently persuades Nancy to help him with the task, rending Nancy singing "As Long as He Needs Me".

Fagin is "Reviewing The Situation", thinking about changing his way of life. Nancy shortly realizes that Oliver's life is in danger as long as he stays with the thieves and she contacts Mr. Brownlow, who in the meantime has found out that Oliver is the son of his long lost niece. She promises she'll take Oliver to him, and she almost succeeds, diverting Sikes attention with the little ditty "Oom- Pah- Pah".

But Sikes gets sort of pissed when he finds out what's going on and kills Nancy. In desperation he takes Oliver with him, trying to escape over the roofs, but is killed himself by a police officer. Fagin and the Dodger review the situation once again and decide that together they might be able to retire respectable. Oliver finally finds his real family.